Browse Advocacy/Public Policy Resources
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Philanthropic Strategies and Tactics for Change: A Concise Framework This article discusses the various tactics grantmakers rely on to create impact. The author describes theories of change, theories of leverage, programmatic tactics, and grantmaking tactics. Within programmatic tactics he discusses the need for evaluations to allow for ongoing program adjustments and to inform future efforts. Author: Frumkin, Peter Type: Research & Reports Date: Aug 31, 2002 Be the first to review this resource! Web Link -
Power, Participation, and State-based Politics: An Evaluation of the Ford Foundation's Collaborations that Count Initiative The Applied Research Center (ARC) conducted a two-year participatory evaluation to provide an account of the Ford Foundation's "Collaborations That Count Initiative." The report identifies areas in which the 11 statewide collaborations succeeded, and draws attention to ways in which support to collaboration might be more effectively provided in the future. Author: Applied Research Center Type: Research & Reports Date: Apr 21, 2004 Be the first to review this resource! Download (1.85 MB) -
Public Communication Campaign Evaluation First in the series of five papers from the Communications Consortium Media Center (q.v.), this paper is a "scan of challenges, criticisms, practice, and opportunities." Author Julia Coffman:
- Discusses recent events in the field of advocacy evaluation;
- Examines evaluation challenges, criticisms, and practice; and
- Includes sections on relevant theory, outcomes, and evaluation design.
Author: Coffman, Julia Type: Research & Reports Date: May 1, 2002 Be the first to review this resource! Download (190.47 KB) -
Putting the system back into systems change: A framework for understanding and changing organizational and community systems This paper provides one framework—grounded in systems thinking and change literatures—for understanding and identifying the fundamental system parts and interdependencies that can help to explain system functioning and leverage systems change. The proposed framework highlights the importance of attending to both the deep and apparent structures within a system as well as the interactions and interdependencies among these system parts. Author: Pennie G. Foster-Fishman, Branda Nowell, Huilan Yang Type: Research & Reports Date: May 18, 2007 Be the first to review this resource! Download (381.29 KB) -
Report from "Planning, Assessing and Learning from Advocacy Workshop" This report summarizes a 4-day workshop help in Accra, Ghana, in April 2006. The workshop was a collaboration between INTRAC and ActionAid. INTRAC was seeking to understand M&E as practiced on the ground as part of its preparation for an international conference, and ActionAid was motivated by a desire to present findings from three years of the Action Research Project and give participants a forum to express themselves. Author: INTRAC Type: Research & Reports Date: Apr 30, 2006 Be the first to review this resource! Download (47.11 KB) -
Report: "Ten Considerations for Advocacy Evaluation Planning: Lessons Learned from KIDS COUNT Grantee Experiences" The Annie E. Casey Foundation and Organizational Research Services, Inc. detail ten lessons learned from an evaluation of five KIDS COUNT grantees that began in 2007. The evaluation was designed to test some of the ideas presented in "A Guide to Measuring Advocacy and Policy", a report produced by AECF and ORS in 2006. Author: Organizational Research Services Type: Research & Reports Date: Jan 1, 2009 Be the first to review this resource! Download (289.93 KB) -
Report: "What Makes an Effective Advocacy Organization? A Framework for Determining Advocacy Capacity" TCC Group's Jared Raynor, Peter York and Shao-Chee Sim authored "What Makes an Effective Advocacy Organization? A Framework for Determining Advocacy Capacity" based on TCC's evaluation of a cohort of advocacy groups funded by The California Endowment. Author: TCC Group Type: Research & Reports Date: Jan 1, 2009 Be the first to review this resource! Download (5.81 MB) -
Sample Outcomes Chain Outcomes can't all be attained at the same time, and some outcomes rely on the earlier achievement of others. Advocacy evaluation presents unique conceptual challenges to developing an outcomes chain. This outcomes chain contains short-term, intermediate, and long-term outcomes for both policy and infrastructure, as related to a fictional advocacy campaign. Author: Innovation Network, Inc. Type: Tipsheets & Paper Tools Date: Nov 23, 2005
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Simplifying Complex Initiative Evaluation In this article, the author highlights two major lessons learned from theory-of-change and cluster evaluation about how to evaluate complex initiatives: articulation of a theory of change, and using the theory of change as a basis for evaluation planning. In addition, the author shares tips on how she applied the lessons to meet her evaluation challenges. Author: Coffman, Julia Type: Newsletters & Periodicals Date: Jun 1, 1999 Be the first to review this resource! Web Link -
Small Picture, Big Picture: Using the Framework for Public Policy Advocacy in a Large-Scale Advocacy Campaign We were recently tasked with guiding evaluation for a funder's national advocacy campaign, and had to make sense of advocacy data contained in 110 grants. Where did we start? Julia Coffman's Framework for Public Policy Advocacy was the perfect tool. It helped us compare strategies employed by grantees individually, as well as step back and look at strategies used across the campaign. Author: Kat Athanasiades, Veena Pankaj Type: Opinion (blog, editorial) Date: Mar 12, 2014 Be the first to review this resource! Web Link -
Smart Chart 3.0 Spitfire Strategies produced Smart Chart (now in version 3.0) as "a tool to help nonprofits make smart communications choices." This free online tool is built around a chart with five "strategic decision sections":
Author: Spitfire Strategies Type: Websites & Online Tools Date: Feb 1, 2004
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Social Movements and Philanthropy: How Foundations Can Support Movement Building Building on research conducted for the California Endowment, this article describes five core movement-building elements and provides a framework for activities that foundations can support to foster movement building. Movement building presents unique challenges to foundations. Because movements, by definition, must be driven by the people who are most affected, foundations cannot determine the goals and timetables of a movement. Foundation investments in movements are just that – investments for the long term. Author: Barbara Masters, M.A., and Torie Osborn, M.B.A. Type: Newsletters & Periodicals Date: Oct 2, 2010 Be the first to review this resource! Download (326.55 KB) -
Speaking for Themselves: Advocates' Perspectives on Evaluation "Speaking for Themselves: Advocates' Perspectives on Evaluation" will give you a better understanding of advocates' views on evaluation, the advocacy strategies and capacities they find effective, and current evaluation practices. Based on Innovation's Network's research, the report includes recommendations for advocates, funders, and evaluators. Both the research and publication were made possible by the Annie E. Casey Foundation and The Atlantic Philanthropies. Author: Innovation Network, Inc. Type: Research & Reports Date: Aug 12, 2008 Point K Pick
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State of Evaluation - Russian translation The Project: Nonprofits hear a lot of talk about evaluation these days—metrics and measurements, indicators and impact, efficiency and effectiveness. Everyone, from donors to board members, seems to want evaluation results. But there was a big knowledge gap around evaluation practice: What are nonprofits really doing to evaluate their work? How are they really using evaluation results? What support are they getting? What else do they need?
Author: Innovation Network Type: Research & Reports Date: Feb 3, 2011 Be the first to review this resource! Download (6.78 MB) -
Strategic Communications Audits This Issue Brief, a Working Brief from the Communication Consortium Media Center's Media Evaluation Project, explains how a nonprofit organization can conduct an analysis of its communications efforts in the areas of Strategy, Implementation, and Support and Alignment. The Issue Brief can also be used as a tool, as it includes a table relating Essential Strategic Communications Practices and their corresponding Quality Criteria/Standards. Additionally, there is an organizational "Practice Maturity Scale" to assist a nonprofit in determining its level of communications expertise. Author: Coffman, Julia Type: Research & Reports Date: Oct 1, 2004
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Strategy Development: Key Questions for Developing an Advocacy Strategy In this strategy discussion publication, the author clarifies the difference between tactics and strategies, and offers nine questions that are part of an effective strategy:
- OBJECTIVES: What do you want?
- AUDIENCES: Who can give it to you?
- MESSAGE: What do they need to hear?
- MESSENGERS: Who do they need to hear it from?
- RESOURCES: What have we got?
- GAPS: What do we need to develop?
- FIRST EFFORTS: How do we begin?
- EVALUATION: How do we tell if it's working?
Author: Shultz, Jim Type: Research & Reports Date: Jan 1, 2004 Be the first to review this resource! Web Link -
Strengthening Anti-Hunger Advocacy in California: Evaluation of the California Nutrition Initiative 1998-2001 MAZON launched the California Nutrition Initiative (CNI) in 1998. The CNI’s purpose was "to improve the nutritional health and well-being of low-income Californians by strengthening the capacity of the state’s non-profit and anti-hunger network." This evaluation report on the projects first four years identifies strategies that could be used to replicate MAZON's successes, including network development and awareness-building. Author: Leventhal/Kline Management Inc. Type: Research & Reports Date: Jun 1, 2003 Be the first to review this resource! Download (1.32 MB) -
Strengthening Family Planning Policies and Programs in Developing Countries: An Advocacy Toolkit This toolkit "assist[s] advocates in the family planning/reproductive health field in their efforts to promote policy dialogue on the health, social, and economic benefits of increasing access to family planning services. By tailoring the messages included in the toolkit, advocates can present culturally relevant arguments to promote family planning and birth spacing in their particular settings." It contains several sample tools for advocacy planning. Author: The POLICY Project Type: Tipsheets & Paper Tools Date: Dec 2, 2005 Be the first to review this resource! Download (1.16 MB) -
Summary of Expert Interview Findings for Evaluating Policy and Advocacy Organizational Effectiveness This report summarizes TCC’s recent interview findings with selected policy advocacy experts (such as funders, researchers, consultants and practitioners) as well as a literature review of recent research. Drawing from its own work in organizational development and organizational effectiveness, TCC probed experts around four capacities TCC has found to be central to organizational effectiveness (leadership, adaptive, management and technical). The primary purpose of the research was to understand how the framework applies specifically to effective advocacy organizations. Author: TCC Group Type: Research & Reports Date: Jun 28, 2006
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Supporting Civic Advocacy: Strategic approaches for donor-supported civic advocacy programs This 59-page draft document is "a reflection of USAID’s experience in advocacy. Compiled in consultation with the top advocacy trainers, it distills the best practices and lessons learned in advocacy programming." In the advocacy evaluation section, the publication offers long term performance measures, a discussion of levels of change, and appropriate performance indicators. Author: USAID, Office of Democracy and Governance Type: Research & Reports Date: Dec 7, 2001 Be the first to review this resource! Download (59.67 KB) -
System Mapping: A Case Example Innovation Network's Ehren Reed introduced this handout at a panel titled "Body of Evidence or Firsthand Experience? Evaluation of Two Concurrent and Overlapping Advocacy Initiatives" at the 2009 American Evaluation Association conference. The handout demonstrates the concept of system mapping using a simplified version of a map produced as part of an advocacy evaluation capacity building project for CARE USA.
Author: Innovation Network, Inc. Type: Templates & Samples Date: Nov 1, 2009 Be the first to review this resource! Download (143.92 KB) -
Telling Your Story: A Guide to Preparing Advocacy Case Studies This guidebook was created to encourage activists to record their stories. The authors believe that it is beneficial for advocates to communicate experiences that will stimulate and teach others working toward social change. The guidebook clarifies the "hows and whys" of writing an advocacy case study. The body of the guidebook is made up of four sections: the reasons for writing a case study, methods for selecting a focus,writing hints, and what to do with the finished product. Author: Advocacy Institute Type: Workbooks & Guides Date: Aug 28, 2001 Be the first to review this resource! Download (268.47 KB) -
The Advocacy Strategy Framework This brief offers a simple one-page tool for thinking about the theories of change that underlie public policy advocacy strategies.
It first presents the tool and then offers six questions that advocates, and funders working with advocates, can work through to better articulate their theories of change. The tool—labeled the advocacy strategy framework—has several advantages over more familiar linear box-and-arrow theory-of-change tools:
Author: Julia Coffman and Tanya Beer Type: Research & Reports Date: Mar 1, 2015 Be the first to review this resource! Download (365.89 KB) -
The Advocate's Evaluation Toolkit Evaluation is a powerful tool for learning, improving strategy, and making the case to funders for why advocacy work is critical to the issues they care about. Advocacy evaluation is a specific variant on evaluation, with a set of tools, processes, and approaches that are as adaptable as advocacy itself and help to define why advocacy matters.
Author: Spark Policy Institute Type: Research & Reports Date: Dec 31, 2014 Be the first to review this resource! Web Link -
The Challenge of Assessing Policy and Advocacy Activities The paper is designed to outline an approach to policy change evaluation grounded in the experience of experts and foundation colleagues. (See Appendix A for the research methodology.) This paper first posits three key priorities in evaluating policy change work, drawn from interviews with grantees and staff from The California Endowment on their needs concerning policy change evaluation. It also discusses the challenges inherent in monitoring and assessing these types of grants.
Author: Commissioned by The California Endowment. Researched and Written by Blueprint Research and Design, Inc. Type: Research & Reports Date: Oct 1, 2005 Be the first to review this resource! Download (2.84 MB)